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What is Biot Savart Law？

Edwiin

05/20/2025

The Biot-Savart Law is employed to determine the magnetic field intensity dH near a current-carrying conductor. In other words, it describes the relationship between the magnetic field intensity generated by a source current element. This law was formulated in 1820 by Jean-Baptiste Biot and Félix Savart. For a straight wire, the direction of the magnetic field adheres to the right-hand rule. The Biot-Savart Law is also referred to as Laplace’s law or Ampère’s law.

Consider a wire carrying an electric current I and also consider an infinitely small length of a wire dl at a distance x from point A.

The Biot-Savart Law states that the magnetic field intensity dH at a point

A

due to a current

I

flowing through a small current element dl obeys the following relationships:

Directly proportional to the current $I$ .
Directly proportional to the length of the current element ∣dl∣.
Directly proportional to the sine of the angle θ between the direction of the current (represented by dl and the vector joining the current element to point $A$ .
Inversely proportional to the square of the distance $r$ from the current element to point $A$ .

where k is constant and depends on the magnetic properties of the medium.

µ₀ = absolute permeability of air or vacuum and its value is 4 x 10^-7 Wb/A-m
µ_r= relative permeability of the medium.

Topics

Basic Basic Electrical Laws

Edwiin

Hello，I'm Wdwiin. A decade of hands-on experience in electrical engineering, specializing in high-voltage systems, smart grids, and renewable energy technologies. Passionate about technical exchange and knowledge sharing, committed to interpreting industry trends with professional insights to empower peers. Connection creates value—let’s explore the boundless possibilities of the electrical world together!

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