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1 Hardware Design of Tester Power SupplyThis device uses a standard small - signal generating device to generate small - current signals with the required frequency and phase angle. Then, through the amplifying circuit and phase - modulating circuit, the working power supply is generated.1.1 Power Frequency Sine Wave Small - Current Signal Generating DeviceThe sine wave generating circuit is mainly composed of the waveform generating chip MAX038 produced by MAXIM Corporation of the United States

1. IntroductionEnergy is essential for societal operation and development. To meet national energy - conservation and emission - reduction policies, improving resource utilization—critical for power enterprises—is necessary. Multi - stage rural grid upgrades drive distribution transformer development. Despite high efficiency, widespread transformers still face significant overall losses due to capacity and usage issues; 70% of medium - and low - voltage grid losses come from

1. Gas System FaultsThe most critical type of fault in environmentally friendly gas-insulated ring main units is related to the gas system, primarily involving gas leakage and pressure anomalies. Gas leakage in nitrogen-insulated ring main units mainly stems from seal material aging and welding process defects. Statistics indicate that approximately 65% of gas leakage faults are related to O-ring aging, while 30% are caused by inadequate welding. Gas leakage not only affects insulation performan