Generator circuit breaker (GCB) important special requirements

High Continuous Current Levels

Unique Fault Current Conditions

• System - source (transformer - fed faults): These faults can be extremely severe because the full energy of the power system is involved in feeding the fault. To effectively clear such faults, GCBs must not only be tested but also be capable of interrupting high symmetrical fault currents. The magnitude of these faults can put significant stress on the GCBs, requiring them to have robust interruption capabilities.
• Generator - source (generator - fed) faults: Although generally lower in magnitude compared to system - source faults, generator - source faults are characterized by a much higher degree of asymmetry. This high asymmetry can sometimes lead to a particularly challenging condition known as “Delayed Current Zeroes”. GCBs need to be designed to handle these unique characteristics to ensure reliable fault interruption.

Unique Voltage Conditions

• Very fast RRRV (Rate of Rise of Recovery Voltage): The resistance and stray capacitance in a generator circuit are typically much lower than those in a normal distribution circuit. As a result, the circuit has very high natural frequencies, which in turn lead to extreme Transient Recovery Voltage (TRV) with a high RRRV. GCBs must be able to withstand and operate effectively under these high - speed voltage recovery conditions.
• Out - of - phase switching: This situation can occur during normal startup procedures. Initially, the GCB is in the open position, and the generator is disconnected while the power system is operating at its normal voltage. Out - of - phase switching can pose challenges to the GCBs, and they need to be designed to handle such scenarios safely and efficiently.