What are the characteristics of insulating materials used in transformers?

The insulating materials used in transformers have the following characteristics:

High resistivity and low conductivity: Insulating materials are substances with high resistivity and low conductivity, capable of effectively isolating conductors with electric charge or different potentials, ensuring that current flows in a specific direction.

• Multifunctionality: In addition to their basic insulating function, transformer insulation materials also serve various purposes such as heat dissipation, cooling, support, arc extinction, improvement of potential gradients, moisture and mold resistance, and protection of conductors.

• Heat Resistance Grade: The heat resistance grade of insulating materials refers to the highest temperature they can withstand in a transformer. Proper use of insulating materials can ensure a 30-year lifespan, but excessive temperatures can cause insulation aging and affect the service life.

• Variety of Materials: Transformer insulation materials include solid insulating materials (such as insulating paper, cardboard, Nomex paper, epoxy glass cloth board, etc.), liquid insulating materials (such as transformer oil), and gaseous insulating materials (such as SF6 gas, nitrogen, etc.).

• Performance and Application: With the advancement of technology, new insulating materials are constantly emerging. These new materials may have significant performance improvements, such as better aging resistance and higher insulation strength, thereby enhancing the reliability and service life of transformers.

• Adapt to Different Environments: Transformers operating in high-altitude areas require special consideration for the performance of insulation materials to adapt to lower atmospheric pressure and possible low-temperature environments.

To sum up, the insulating materials of transformers are their core components, and their selection and performance directly affect the operation efficiency and safety of the equipment.