Scott-T Transformer Connection

Edwiin

05/22/2025

Definition: The Scott-T Connection is a technique for linking two single-phase transformers to enable 3-phase to 2-phase conversion and vice versa. The two transformers are electrically connected but operate independently magnetically. One transformer is designated as the main transformer, while the other is termed the auxiliary or teaser transformer.

The diagram below illustrates the Scott-T transformer connection:

The main transformer features a center tap at point D and is connected to lines B and C on the 3-phase side. Its primary winding is labeled BC, and its secondary winding is labeled a₁a₂.
The teaser transformer is connected between line terminal A and the center tap D. Its primary winding is labeled AD, and its secondary winding is labeled b₁b₂.

For the Scott-T connection, identical and interchangeable transformers are employed, each featuring a primary winding with

Tp

turns and equipped with tappings at

0.289Tp

0.5Tp

, and

0.866Tp

Phasor Diagram of Scott Connection Transformer

The line voltages of the balanced 3-phase system—

VAB

VBC

, and

VCA

—are depicted in the figure below, illustrated as a closed equilateral triangle. The diagram also shows the primary windings of the main transformer and the teaser transformer.

Point D splits the primary winding BC of the main transformer into two equal halves. Consequently, the number of turns in the BD portion equals the number of turns in the DC portion, both being

Tp/2

. The voltages

VBD

and

VDC

are equal in magnitude and in phase with the voltage

VBC

The voltage between A and D is

The teaser transformer has a primary voltage rating of √3/2 (i.e., 0.866) times that of the main transformer. When the voltage

VAD

is applied to the teaser transformer's primary winding, its secondary voltage

V2t

leads the main transformer's secondary terminal voltage

V2m

by 90 degrees, as depicted in the figure below.

To maintain the same voltage per turn in the primary windings of both the main transformer and the teaser transformer, the number of turns in the teaser transformer's primary must be be √3/2

Tp.

Consequently, the secondaries of both transformers have identical voltage ratings. The secondary voltages

V2t

and

V2m

are equal in magnitude but separated by 90º in phase, thereby producing a balanced 2-phase system.

Position of Neutral Point N

The primary windings of the two transformers can form a four-wire connection to a 3-phase supply if a tap

N

is provided on the teaser transformer's primary such that:

The voltage across $AN$ , denoted as $VAN)$ , equals the phase voltage, i.e., $VAN= Vt/\sqrt3$ .

The same voltage turn in portion AN, ND and AD are shown by the equations,

The equation above indicates that the neutral point

N

divides the primary winding of the teaser transformer in the ratio:AN:ND

= 2 : 1

$Applications of Scott-T Connection$

The Scott-T connection finds practical use in the following scenarios:

Electric Furnace Installations: It enables the parallel operation of two single-phase furnaces while drawing a balanced load from a three-phase supply, ensuring efficient power distribution and system stability.
Single-Phase Load Management: Commonly applied in electrified rail systems (e.g., electric trains), where single-phase loads are scheduled to maintain near-equal loading across all three phases of the supply, minimizing imbalance and optimizing grid performance.
Phase Conversion Between Systems: Facilitates bidirectional power flow between three-phase and two-phase systems. While it can convert both ways, practical applications predominantly focus on three-phase to two-phase conversion, as two-phase generators are rarely used in modern power systems.