Free Expert Guides on Power Systems, Circuit Design & Electrical Troubleshooting

What is an XNOR Gate?XNOR Gate definitionAn XOR gate is formed by adding a non-gate to the output end of the XOR gate, which is the basic unit of the digital logic circuit, with two input terminals and one output terminal.Symbol and truth tableThe symbol of an XOR gate reflects the relationship between its input signal and its output signal, and the truth table confirms its consistent input-outputrelationship.Circuit diagramXNOR Gate circuit diagram as shown below

What is a XOR Gate?XOR Gate DefinitionAn XOR gate outputs true only when the inputs are different; it is essential in digital logic for comparing signals.Truth Table OverviewThe XOR gate truth table show how these gates respond to different combinations of inputs, crucial for designing digital systems.Symbols and DiagramsThe symbols for XOR help in quickly identifying these components in circuit diagrams, aiding in visual learning.Applications in ComputingXOR gates are fundamental in computer en

What is a NOR Gate?NOR gate definitionA basic element in a digital logic circuit that implements logic or non-function.Symbol and truth tableThe symbol of a NOR gate reflects the relationship between its input signal and its output signal, and the truth table confirms its consistent input-output relationship.Circuit diagramNOR Gate circuit diagram as shown below

What is a NAND Gate ?NAND Gate definitionIn combination with gate and not gate, the and operation is performed first, and then the non-operation is performed. And not gate is when 1 or more of the input terminal is low level, the output is high level; The output is low only if all inputs are high.Symbol and truth tableThe symbol of the NAND gate reflects the relationship between its input signal and its output signal, and the truth table confirms its consistent input-output relationship.Circuit

What is a NOT Gate?NOT Gate DefinitionA NOT gate, also known as an inverter, is a basic digital logic gate that produces an output which is the opposite of its input.Symbol and Truth TableThe symbol for a NOT gate reflects its function of inverting the input signal, with a truth table confirming its consistent output inversion.Circuit DiagramA simple bipolar transistor setup demonstrates the NOT gate’s working principle, where it inverts the input signal.Working PrincipleThe NOT gate operates by

What is an OR Gate?OR Gate DefinitionAn OR gate is defined as a logic gate that outputs high (1) if one or both inputs are high (1).Working PrincipleThe working principle of an OR gate is to find the maximum between binary digits, resulting in a high output if any input is high.Truth TableThe truth table of an OR gate lists the output for all possible input combinations, showing how the gate responds.Diode CircuitA diode can be used to create an OR gate, where any high input makes the output hig

What is an AND Gate?AND Gate DefinitionAn AND gate is a digital logic gate that outputs high only when all its inputs are high.Logical OperationThis gate uses logical multiplication; the output is low if any input is low, and high only if all inputs are high.AND Gate Circuit DiagramEssential for understanding how AND gates can be constructed using diodes or transistors to manipulate electrical signals.IC ImplementationAND gates are implemented in integrated circuits like the 7408 for TTL and 408

Op Amp DefinitionAn op amp (operational amplifier) is defined as a DC-coupled voltage amplifier with a high voltage gain used in various electronic circuits.Working PrincipleThe op amp amplifies the difference between two input signals, known as the differential input voltage, in its open loop operation.Closed Loop OperationIn closed loop mode, feedback is introduced to control the output signal, with positive feedback used for oscillators and negative feedback for amplifiers.Op Amp Characterist

Definition of ICsIntegrated Circuits (ICs) are defined as electronic circuits where components are permanently embedded on a semiconductor wafer.Types of ICsICs are mainly classified into analog and digital types, each serving different functions in electronic devices.Moore’s LawThis principle explains that the number of transistors on an IC doubles approximately every two years, driving technological growth.IC ManufacturingICs are produced using monolithic or hybrid technologies, each with its

What is a PLC?PLC DefinitionA programmable logic controller is a specialized computer designed to operate in industrial settings, managing and automating the mechanical processes of factories and plants.Working principle of PLCPLC components Rack or chassis Power Supply Module Central Processing Unit (CPU) Input & Output Module Communication Interface ModuleFunctionalityPLCs handle tasks like timing and logic operations, significantly streamlining industrial processes.Programming Flexibility