Free Expert Guides on Power Systems, Circuit Design & Electrical Troubleshooting

Tuned Collector Oscillator DefinitionA tuned collector oscillator is defined as an LC oscillator that uses a tank circuit and a transistor to generate a periodic signal.Circuit Diagram ExplanationThe circuit diagram shows the tuned collector oscillator. The transformer and capacitor are connected to the transistor’s collector, producing a sine wave.R1 and R2 form the voltage divider bias for the transistor. Re refers to the emitter resistor and is there to provide thermal stability. Ce is used t

Bandwidth LimitOscilloscopes, like multimeter, are essential tools for understanding circuits. However, they have limitations. To use an oscilloscope effectively, it’s crucial to know these limitations and find ways to address them.A key feature of an oscilloscope is its bandwidth. Bandwidth determines how fast it can sample analog signals. What is bandwidth? Many think it’s the maximum frequency a scope can handle. Actually, bandwidth is the frequency where a signal’s amplitude drops by 3dB, or

What is Digital Storage Oscilloscope?Digital Storage OscilloscopeA digital oscilloscope is an instrument that stores a digital copy of waveforms in memory and uses digital signal processing to analyze them. It captures and displays non-repetitive signals until reset. In a digital storage oscilloscope, signals are received, stored, and then displayed. The maximum frequency measured depends on the sampling rate and the type of converter, which can be analog or digital. The traces are bright, highl

What is Double Beam Oscilloscope?Double Beam Oscilloscope DefinitionA double beam oscilloscope uses two electron beams to display signals on a single screen simultaneously.ConstructionThere are two individual vertical input channels for the two electron beams from different sources. Each channel has its own attenuator and pre-amplifier, allowing independent control of each beam’s amplitude.The two channels can have either common or independent time base circuits for different sweep rates. Each b

What is an Oscillator Transducer?Oscillator Transducer DefinitionAn oscillator transducer is a device that converts force, pressure, or displacement into a measurable voltage.Working PrincipleThe quantity to be measured like pressure is applied to the force summing device which transfers this pressure to mechanical linkage.Mechanical linkage responds according to the magnitude of the pressure.Mechanical linkage drives the dielectric medium inside the capacitor.The movement of the dielectric medi

What is Tan Delta Test?Tan Delta Test DefinitionTan delta is defined as the ratio of the resistive to capacitive components of electrical leakage current, indicating insulation health.Principle of Tan Delta TestWhen a pure insulator is connected between the line and earth, it acts like a capacitor. Ideally, if the insulating material, also serving as a dielectric, is 100% pure, the electric current passing through would only have a capacitive component, with no resistive component, due to zero i

What is LVDT?Definition of LVDTThe LVDT, or Linear Variable Differential Transformer, is an inductive transducer that converts linear motion into an electrical signal. It is highly valued for its precision and reliability.The output across secondary of this transformer is the differential thus it is called so. It is very accurate inductive transducer as compared to other inductive transducers.Construction of LVDTMain Features of Construction The transformer consists of a primary winding P and tw

Three Phase Power Measurement DefinitionThree phase power measurement involves using different methods to determine the total power in a three-phase circuit, depending on the number of wattmeters used.Three Wattmeters MethodUses three wattmeters connected to each phase and neutral line in a four-wire system to measure total power by summing individual readings.The circuit diagram is shown below-This method is used for three-phase four-wire systems. The coils of the three wattmeters are connected

Electrodynamometer Wattmeter DefinitionAn electrodynamometer type wattmeter measures electrical power by using the interaction between magnetic fields and electric currents.Working PrincipleNow let us look at constructional details of electrodynamometer. It consists of following parts.There are two types of coils present in the electrodynamometer. They are :Moving CoilThe moving coil moves the pointer with the help of a spring control instrument. To prevent overheating, a limited current flows t

Low Power Factor Wattmeter DefinitionA low power factor wattmeter is an instrument used to measure low values of power factor accurately.Why Standard Wattmeters FailThe value of deflecting torque is very low even though we fully excite the current and pressure coils.Errors due to pressure coil inductance.The above two reasons give very inaccurate results thus we should not use normal or ordinary watt meters in measuring the low value of the power factor.Low Power Factor Wattmeter DesignThe modif