Free Expert Guides on Power Systems, Circuit Design & Electrical Troubleshooting

What is Thevenin’s Theorem (Thevenin Equivalent)?Thevenin theorem (also known as the Helmholtz–Thévenin theorem) states that any linear circuit containing only voltage sources, current sources, and resistances can be replaced by an equivalent combination of a voltage source (VTh) in series with a single resistance (RTh) connected across the load. This simplified circuit is known as the Thevenin Equivalent Circuit.Thevenin’s theorem was invented by a French engineer Léon Charles Thévenin (hence t

What is Voltage Drop?Voltage drop is the decrease of electrical potential along the path of a current flowing in an electrical circuit. Or more simply, a “drop in voltage”. Voltage drops occur due to the internal resistance of the source, passive elements, across conductors, across contacts, and across connectors are undesirable because some of the energy supplied is dissipated.The voltage drop across an electrical load is proportional to the power available to be converted in that load to some

What is a Voltage Divider?A voltage divider is a fundamental circuit in the field of electronics which can produce a portion of its input voltage as an output. It is formed using two resistors (or any passive components) and a voltage source. The resistors are connected in series here and the voltage is given across these two resistors.This circuit is also termed as a potential divider. The input voltage is distributed among the resistors (components) of the voltage divider circuit. As a result,

What is a Voltage to Current Converter (V to I Converter)?A voltage to current converter (also known as a V to I converter) is an electronic circuit that takes current as the input and produces voltage as the output.But why would we do this?Well for instrumentation cicuits when creating an analog representation of certain physical quantities (weight, pressure, motion etc), DC current is preferred.This is because DC current signals will be constant throughout the circuit in series from the source

What are Voltages in Series?A series circuit or series connection refers to when two or more electrical components are linked together in a chain-like an arrangement within a circuit. In this kind of circuit, there is only a single way for charge to pass through the circuit. The potential variation in charge across two points in an electrical circuit is known as voltage. In this article, we will discuss in detail voltages in a series circuit.The battery of a circuit provides energy for the charg

All voltage sources cannot able to give fixed output due to fluctuations in the circuit. For getting constant and steady output, the voltage regulators are implemented. The integrated circuits which are used for the regulation of voltage are termed as voltage regulator ICs. Here, we can discuss the IC 7805.The voltage regulator IC 7805 is actually a member of the 78xx series of voltage regulator ICs. It is a fixed linear voltage regulator. The xx present in 78xx represents the value of the fixed

What is a Voltage Follower?A voltage follower (also known as a buffer amplifier, unity-gain amplifier, or isolation amplifier) is an op-amp circuit whose output voltage is equal to the input voltage (it “follows” the input voltage). Hence a voltage follower op-amp does not amplify the input signal and has a voltage gain of 1.The voltage follower provides no attenuation or amplification—only buffering.A voltage follower circuit has a very high input impedance. This characteristic makes it a popul

What is a Voltage Source?A voltage source is defined as a device that delivers electric power to a connected circuit. In simpler terms, it’s like a push force that keeps the electrons moving continuously through the wire it’s connected to. Think of it as a pump in a water system, only this pump is for electrons in a wire. This voltage source is commonly used in many electrical devices and systems.A voltage source usually comes as a two-terminal device, meaning it has two points for connection –

What is Voltage RegulationA voltage regulator is an electronic or electrical device that can sustain the voltage of power supply within suitable limits. The electrical equipment connected to the voltage source should bear the value of the voltage. The source voltage should be in a certain range which is acceptable for the connected pieces of equipment. This purpose is fulfilled by implementing a voltage regulator.A voltage regulator – as the same suggests – regulates the voltage, regardless of t

It is in actuality a modified capacitor filter circuit (rectifier circuit) which makes a DC output voltage that is two or more than two times the AC peak input. In this section, we can look into full-wave voltage doubler, half-wave voltage doubler, voltage tripler and finally quadrupler.Half Wave Voltage DoublerThe input wave form, circuit diagram and output waveform is shown in figure 1. Here, all through the positive half cycle, the forward biased D1 diode conducts and diode D2 will be in off