Free Expert Guides on Power Systems, Circuit Design & Electrical Troubleshooting

What is a Transmission Lines?Transmission Line DefinitionA transmission line is a designed conductor that carries large volumes of electrical power across large distances at high voltages.Line Types and LengthsTransmission lines are categorized by length; short lines are under 80 km, medium lines between 80 and 250 km, and long lines over 250 km.Efficiency ExplainedTransmission line efficiency is the ratio of power received to power sent, indicating how much power reaches its destination versus

Equivalent circuit of a transmission line

What is Earthing?Equipment earthing is a connection done through a metal link between the body of any electrical appliance, or neutral point, as the case may be, to the deeper ground soil. The metal link is normally of MS flat, CI flat, and GI wire which should be penetrated into the ground earth grid.Equipment earthing is based on IS:3043-1987 Standards. Classification of electrical equipment IS: 9409-1980 Important rules for safety and earthing practice is based on IE rules 1956 Guide on effec

The points we must earth in an electrical substation include: The neutral point of differentvoltagelevels The metallic enclosure of allcurrentcarrying equipment The framework of all current carrying equipment All the metallic structure even not associated with current carrying equipmentMethod of EarthingWe connect all the points to be earthed with the earthing grid with corrosion resistance mild still rods. We bury the connection rods a minimum 600 mm below the ground level. If these horizontall

We should probably earth each tower of an electrical transmission line. We must measure footing resistance of each tower. We should take the footing resistance of tower in dry season before stringing the earth wire and/or OPGW (where OPGW is applicable). In any circumstances footing resistance of the tower will not be more than 10 ohms.We should use either pipe earthing or counterpoise for earthing of the electrical transmission line tower. The tower earthing lug should extend beyond the concret

Earth resistance is defined as the resistance offered by the earth electrode to the flow of current into the ground. It is also known as resistance to earth or ground resistance. Earth resistance is an important parameter for designing and maintaining earthing systems, as it affects the safety and performance of electrical installations.What is an Earth Electrode?An earth electrode is a metal rod or plate that is buried in the soil and connected to the earth terminal of an electrical system. It

An earthing system, also known as a grounding system, connects specific parts of an electric power system with the ground, typically the Earth’s conductive surface, for safety and functional purposes. The choice of earthing system can affect the safety and electromagnetic compatibility of the installation. Regulations for earthing systems vary among countries, though most follow the recommendations of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). In this article, we will explain the diffe

What is Shunt ReactorA shunt reactor is a piece of electrical equipment used in high voltage power transmission systems to stabilize the voltage during load variations. A traditional shunt reactor has a fixed rating and is either connected to the transmission line all the time or switched in and out depending on the load.A three phase shunt reactor is generally connected to 400KV or above electrical bus system for capacitive reactive power compensation of the power system and to control dynamic

When we switch off an online circuit breaker to cut an inductive load, it is ideally desired to interrupt the current of the system during its zero crossing of the current waveform. But practically it is somewhat impossible to maintain the condition. In normal circuit breaker the current interruption may occur at an instant near to the zero crossing point but not exactly at zero crossing point of the current waveform. As the load is inductive in nature, this sudden interruption of current, cause

There is always a significant charging current flowing from conductor to earth in underground high voltage and medium voltage power network. This is because of dielectric insulation between earth and conductor in the underground cables. During an earth fault in any phase, in a 3 phase such system, the charging current of the system ideally becomes three times more than rated charging current per phase. This larger charging current restrikes and passes to ground through faulty point and causing a