Free Expert Guides on Power Systems, Circuit Design & Electrical Troubleshooting

What is are Losses in DC Machine ?DC Machine Losses DefinitionIn a DC machine, losses refer to the input power that doesn’t convert into useful output power, reducing efficiency.Copper LossesThese occur in the windings due to resistance and are divided into armature loss, field winding loss, and brush contact resistance loss.Armature copper loss = Ia2RaWhere, Ia is armature current and Ra is armature resistance.These losses are about 30% of the total full load losses.Core LossesThese include hys

What is an Armature ?Armature DefinitionAn armature is the component of electric machines that carries alternating current and interacts with a magnetic field, essential for both motors and generators.Motor FunctionIn motors, the armature converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, utilizing electromagnetic induction and rotational motion.Generator FunctionIn generators, the armature transforms mechanical energy into electrical energy, driven by the motion within a magnetic field.Key Part

How dose a Electric Motor Work?Electric Motor DefinitionAn electric motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.Motor Working PrincipleWorking principle of DC Motor mainly depends upon Fleming Left Hand rule. In a basic DC motor, an armature is placed in between magnetic poles. If the armature winding is supplied by an external DC source, current starts flowing through the armature conductors. As the conductors are carrying current inside a magnetic field, they will

What is an Electric Motor ?Electric Motor DefinitionAn electric motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy using magnetic fields and electric currents.Core FunctioningThe main principle behind all electric motors is Faraday’s Law of induction, which describes how a force is generated from electrical and magnetic interactions.Types of Electric Motors DC Motors Synchronous Motors 3 Phase Induction Motors (a type of induction motor) Single Phase Induction Motors (a typ

What is a Slip Ring?Slip Ring DefinitionA slip ring is defined as an electromechanical device used to connect a stationary system to a rotating system to transmit power or electrical signals.Working PrincipleSlip rings have two main components: metal rings and brush contacts. The number of rings and brushes depends on the machine’s design and application.Depending on the RPM (rotations per minute), either the brushes are fixed and the rings rotate, or the rings are fixed and the brushes rotate.

What is a Rogowski Coil?Rogowski Coil DefinitionA Rogowski coil is defined as an electrical device that measures alternating current (AC) and high-speed transient or pulsed currents.Rogowski Coil CharacteristicA Rogowski coil is an evenly wounded coil with N number of turn and constant cross-section area A. There is no metal core in a Rogowski coil. The end terminal of the coil is returned through the central axis of the coil to another end. Therefore, both terminals are at the same end of the c

What is a Centrifugal Switch?Centrifugal Switch DefinitionA centrifugal switch is an electrical component that activates based on the centrifugal force generated by a motor’s rotating shaft to control motor start-up.Operational MechanismA single-phase AC engine has a centrifugal switch inside its case, which is attached to the engine shaft. When the engine is off and motionless, the switch is closed.When the engine is switched on, the switch drives electricity to the capacitor and the extra coil

What is Sweep Frequency Response Analysis Test ?SFRA Test DefinitionSFRA test of transformer is a method used to assess the condition of transformer windings by analyzing their frequency response to electrical inputs.Purpose of SFRA testing Assessing the mechanical integrity of windings: Detecting whether the windings are displacements, deforms or short circuits. Monitoring the health of the transformer:Changes in the condition of the transformer windings can be tracked by comparing historical d

The purpose of the pulse testDetection of partial dischargePartial discharge refers to the discharge phenomenon that occurs at the air gap or impurity in the insulation material under the action of high voltage electric field, which may gradually destroy the insulation system.Evaluate the degree of insulation agingBy analyzing the characteristics of partial discharge, you can evaluate the degree of aging of the insulation material.Identify potential insulation failuresProblems such as moisture,

What are Voltage and Turn Ratio Test of Transformer?Transformer Turn Ratio DefinitionThe transformer turn ratio is defined as the ratio of the number of turns in the HV winding to the number of turns in the LV winding.Voltage Ratio Test of TransformerThis test checks if the voltage ratio matches the expected turn ratio by applying voltage to the HV winding and measuring the induced voltage in the LV winding.Testing Procedure First, the tap changer of transformer is kept in the lowest position an