Free Expert Guides on Power Systems, Circuit Design & Electrical Troubleshooting

What is a Thermocouple?A thermocouple is a device that converts temperature differences into an electric voltage, based on the principle of the thermoelectric effect. It is a type of sensor that can measure temperature at a specific point or location. Thermocouples are widely used in various fields, such as industrial, domestic, commercial, and scientific applications, because of their simplicity, durability, low cost, and wide temperature range.What is the Thermoelectric Effect?The thermoelectr

What is a Watt Hour Meter?A Watt-hour meter is a measuring device that can evaluate and record the electrical power passing through a circuit at a certain time. By implementing a Watt-hour meter, we can know how much electrical energy is used by a home, business, or an electrically powered device. Electrical utilities install watt-hour meters at their consumer’s premises to evaluate their electrical usage (for billing purposes).The reading is taken in each billing period. Usually, the billing un

Energy meters are the basic part to measure the power consumption. It is used everywhere, no matter how big or small consumption it is. It is also known as watt-hour meter. Here we discuss the construction and working principle of induction type energy meter.To understand the structure of watt-hour meter, we must understand the four essential components of the meter. These components are as follows: Driving system Moving system Braking system Registering systemDriving SystemThe components of thi

We cannot think of life without electricity and when there is electricity consumption there is a need to measure its consumption. Here energy meter comes into picture. In every residence, malls, industry, everywhere energy meters are used to measure the electrical energy consumed. Those consumers which consume large energy needs better technology to manage their energy consumption and need more data to improve their services. Improvement in energy meter technology has increased the value-added f

We know that in induction type energy meters, in order to maintain speed of rotation proportional to power “The phase angle between supply voltage and pressure coil flux should be equal to 90o“. However in actual practice, the angle between supply voltage and pressure coil flux is exactly not 90o but few degrees less. Therefore, some lag adjustment devices are used for adjustment of lag angle. Let us consider the figure given beside:In the beside figure we have introduced another coil which is l

Electrical energy is a fundamental concept in physics and engineering, as well as a practical necessity for everyday life. Electrical energy is the amount of work that can be done by an electric current, or the amount of heat that can be produced by an electric resistance. Electrical energy is also related to electrical power, which is the rate of energy transfer per unit time. In this article, we will explain what electrical energy is, how it is measured, what units are used for it, and how to

Schering Bridge TheoryThis bridge is used to measure to the capacitance of the capacitor, dissipation factor and measurement of relative permittivity. Let us consider the circuit of Schering bridge as shown below:Here, c1 is the unknown capacitance whose value is to be determined with series electrical resistance r1.c2 is a standard capacitor.c4 is a variable capacitor.r3 is a pure resistor (i.e. non inductive in nature).And r4 is a variable non inductive resistor connected in parallel with vari

We have various bridges to measure inductor and thus quality factor, like Hay’s bridge is highly suitable for the measurement of a quality factor greater than 10, Maxwell’s bridge is highly suitable for measuring medium quality factor ranging from 1 to 10, and Anderson bridge can be successfully used to measure inductor ranging from few micro Henry to several Henry. So what is the need for Owen’s Bridge?.The answer to this question is very easy. We need a bridge that can measure the inductor ove

What is Maxwell BridgeA Maxwell Inductance Capacitance Bridge (known as a Maxwell Bridge) is a modified version of a Wheatstone bridge which is used to measure the self-inductance of a circuit. A Maxwell bridge uses the null deflection method (also known as the “bridge method”) to calculate an unknown inductance in a circuit. When the calibrated components are a parallel capacitor and resistor, the bridge is known as a Maxwell-Wien bridge.The working principle is that the positive phase angle of

Anderson’s BridgeLet us understand why there is a need for Anderson’s bridge though we have Maxwell bridge and Hay’s bridge to measure the quality factor of the circuit. The main disadvantage of using Hay’s bridge and Maxwell bridge is that they are unsuitable for measuring the low-quality factor.However, Hay’s bridge and Maxwell bridge are suitable for measuring accurately high and medium quality factors respectively. So, there is need of bridge which can measure low-quality factor and this bri