Free Expert Guides on Power Systems, Circuit Design & Electrical Troubleshooting

What is a Optical Pyrometer ?Optical Pyrometer DefinitionAn optical pyrometer is a device that measures the temperature of glowing objects by comparing their brightness to a reference light.ConstructionIt is a simple device with a lens, lamp, colored glass, eyepiece, battery, ammeter, and rheostat.Working PrincipleIt operates by matching the brightness of the lamp filament to the brightness of the hot object.CalibrationThe temperature is determined by the ammeter reading when the filament and th

What is an Radiation Pyrometer ?Radiation Pyrometer DefinitionA radiation pyrometer is defined as a non-contact temperature sensor that measures temperature by detecting the thermal radiation emitted from an object.Measurement CapabilityRadiation pyrometers are particularly useful for measuring high temperatures that are inaccessible or hazardous for traditional contact sensors.Types of Radiation PyrometersFixed Focus Type Radiation PyrometerVariable Focus Type Radiation PyrometerAdvantages They

What are the Characteristics Of Sensor?Sensor DefinitionA sensor is defined as a device that detects and responds to physical input from the environment, converting it into a readable output.Sensor Characteristic Input characteristics Transfer characteristics Output characteristicsRange and SpanThe range is the sensor’s measurable limits, while the span is the difference between the maximum and minimum values it can measure.Accuracy vs. PrecisionAccuracy is the closeness to the true value, while

What is a Voltage Sensor?Voltage Sensor DefinitionA voltage sensor is a device that measures voltage in an object, handling both AC and DC types.Working PrincipleVoltage sensors function by converting the input voltage into a variety of outputs such as analog signals or audible alerts.Types of Voltage SensorsCapacitive Voltage SensorResistive Voltage SensorCircuit Diagram InsightsUnderstanding circuit diagrams of voltage sensors helps in grasping how they function and are connected.Advantages Sm

What is a Sensor ?Sensor DefinitionA sensor is a device that responds to changes in physical phenomena or environmental variables, converting them into readable signals.Sensor CalibrationSensors need calibration against a reference value for accurate measurements.Active and Passive SensorsActive sensors generate power within themselves, while passive sensors require an external power source.Types of Sensors Temperature Pressure Force Speed LightElectrical SensorSensors that detect and measure el

What is a Thermopile ?Thermopile DefinitionA thermopile is a device that converts heat into electricity using the thermoelectric effect, leveraging temperature differences across different metals.Functioning PrincipleThermopiles generate voltage through the direct conversion of temperature differences into electric voltage, a principle discovered by Thomas Seebeck.Voltage ProductionThe voltage output of a thermopile is proportional to the temperature difference and the number of thermocouple pai

What is Anderson’s Bridge ?Anderson’s Bridge DefinitionAnderson’s Bridge is used to measure low-quality factor circuits by comparing known resistance and capacitance values.Double BalanceIt achieves double balance by fixing the capacitance and varying resistance.High AccuracyKnown for its precision in measuring inductors ranging from micro Henry to several Henry.Experimental MethodSet the signal frequency, adjust resistances, and use the derived formulas to find the unknown inductance.Advantages

What is an Oscillators?Oscillator DefinitionAn oscillator is a circuit that converts direct current from a DC source into a continuous alternating waveform, typically without any external input.Energy DynamicsOscillators maintain their output by converting electrical energy into electromagnetic energy and back, using components like capacitors and inductors.Feedback MechanismsThe sustainability of oscillations in an oscillator circuit is achieved through feedback mechanisms that compensate for e

What is a Signal Generator?Signal Generator DefinitionA signal generator is defined as a device that produces electronic signals and waveforms for testing and designing electronic equipment.Function GeneratorsFunction generators create basic waveforms like sine and square waves using electronic oscillators.Arbitrary Waveform GeneratorsThese generators produce complex, user-defined waveforms for specialized testing.RF Signal GeneratorsRF signal generators generate radio frequencies using phase-lo

What is Crystal Oscillator ?Crystal Oscillator DefinitionA crystal oscillator is defined as a device that uses the inverse piezoelectric effect to convert vibrations into stable oscillations.Working PrincipleThe oscillator works by applying an alternating voltage to a crystal, causing it to vibrate at its natural frequency.Circuit DesignCrystal oscillators are designed to operate in series-resonant mode (low impedance) or parallel-resonant mode (high impedance).Frequency StabilityThey offer exce