Free Expert Guides on Power Systems, Circuit Design & Electrical Troubleshooting

The role of busbars in switchgear：Busbars are conductors in switchgear that collect, distribute, and transmit electrical energy. They connect the power source (such as the output terminal of a transformer) to various branches (such as the incoming terminals of circuit breakers), acting as a transfer station for electrical energy. This enables electrical energy to be distributed to different electrical equipment or circuits as required.Methods for selecting appropriate busbars：Current - carrying

DefinitionThe maximum value of the reverse voltage that a PN junction or diode can withstand without damage is termed thePeak Inverse Voltage (PIV). This PIV rating is specified and explained in the datasheet provided by the manufacturer.However, if the voltage across the junction under reverse bias exceeds this specified value, the junction will be damaged.As shown in the figure above, a PN junction or diode is commonly used as a rectifier, i.e., to convert alternating current (AC) to direct cu

Digital Fault Recorder (DFR) System for Circuit Breaker MonitoringThe Digital Fault Recorder (DFR) system is designed to record current and voltage oscillograms during every circuit breaker switching operation. It captures data for a time period of approximately three to five seconds around the moment of switching. Once collected, this data is transmitted to a server, where specialized software conducts in - depth analysis. This monitoring approach can be implemented in any switchgear equipped w

Important points in engineering studies in high voltage gas insulated switchgear (GIS)Engineering Studies in Gas - insulated Switchgear (GIS)Once the electrical engineer has defined the preliminary configuration of the GIS and determined and specified the primary equipment data, additional studies related to the engineering aspects, as well as the logistics of delivery and installation, must be carried out.The most crucial engineering studies are summarized as follows:1. Transient Recovery Volta

Methods of Voltage Control in Power SystemThe voltage within a power system is subject to variation in accordance with load fluctuations. Typically, the voltage is elevated during light - load periods and reduced under heavy - load conditions. To maintain the system voltage within acceptable limits, additional equipment is necessary. This equipment serves to increase the voltage when it is low and decrease it when it is overly high. The following are the methods employed in power systems for vol

During the switching of normal load or short-circuit current, SF₆ molecules are ionized and fragmented by the arc. The figure illustrates the main reaction processes and the locations where each process is likely to occur. SF₄, as the primary decomposition product resulting from the electric discharge, first reacts with H₂O on the inner wall surface, giving rise to SOF₂. The metal fluorides remain in the form of powder or dust on the surface. H₂O is released in this reaction and thus becomes ava

The trending method involves verifying whether a signal lies within the normal range, exhibits consistent behavior in relation to other information, and does not show signs of drifting or abnormal fluctuations. Here are some examples:1. Operating environmental conditionsMonitoring temperature and humidity levels. Deviations from the normal range can impact the performance of electrical and mechanical components.2. Circuit breaker mechanical operation counterAutomation data is used to monitor the

Controlled Switching Devices in the Medium Voltage RangeOver three decades ago, Controlled Switching Devices (CSDs) were first introduced to mitigate switching transients caused by high voltage circuit breakers connected to shunt reactors and capacitor banks. Subsequent research expanded their application to transmission lines and power transformers. Initially, these devices optimized switching moments on a per-phase basis using independently pole-operated circuit breakers (IPO).Recently, the su

This device is capable of monitoring and detecting various parameters according to the specifications outlined:SF6 Gas Monitoring: Utilizes a specialized sensor for measuring SF6 gas density. Capabilities include measuring gas temperature, monitoring SF6 leak rates, and calculating the optimal date for refilling.Mechanical Operation Analysis: Measures operational times for closing and opening cycles. Evaluates primary contacts separation speed, damping, and contact overtravel. Identifies signs o

The anti - pumping function stands as a crucial characteristic of control circuits. In the absence of this anti - pumping function, assume that a user connects a maintained contact within the closing circuit. When the circuit breaker is closed onto a fault current, the protective relays will promptly trigger a tripping action. However, the maintained contact in the closing circuit will attempt to close the breaker (once again) onto the fault. This repetitive and dangerous process is referred to