Free Expert Guides on Power Systems, Circuit Design & Electrical Troubleshooting

What is an RL Circuit?An RL circuit (also known as an RL filter or RL network) is defined as an electrical circuit consisting of the passive circuit elements of a resistor (R) and an inductor (L) connected together, driven by a voltage source or current source.Due to the presence of a resistor in the ideal form of the circuit, an RL circuit will consume energy, akin to an RC circuit or RLC circuit.This is unlike the ideal form of an LC circuit, which will consume no energy due to the absence of

Atree of electric networkis set of branches which is a set of branches which contains all the nodes of the network but does not form any closed path. It is similar to what anetwork topologyis to a communications network.Let us explain the tree of electric network as defined above.The above figure-1, shows an electric network with five nodes 1,2,3,4 and 5.Now, if we remove the branches 1-2, 2-3, 3-4 and 4-1 from the circuit, we will get, the graph as shown below in figure-2.The above graph as sho

When we talk of cut set matrix in graph theory, we generally talk of fundamental cut-set matrix. A cut-set is a minimum set of branches of a connected graph such that when removed these branches from the graph, then the graph gets separated into 2 distinct parts called sub-graphs and the cut set matrix is the matrix which is obtained by row-wise taking one cut-set at a time. The cutset matrix is denoted by symbol [Qf].Example of Cutsets Matrix of a CircuitTwo sub-graphs are obtained from a graph

Incidence matrix is that matrix which represents the graph such that with the help of that matrix we can draw a graph. This matrix can be denoted as [AC] As in every matrix, there are also rows and columns in incidence matrix [AC].The rows of the matrix [AC] represent the number of nodes and the column of the matrix [AC] represent the number of branches in the given graph. If there are ‘n’ number of rows in a given incidence matrix, that means in a graph there are ‘n’ number of nodes. Similarly,

What are H Parameters (Hybrid Parameters?)Hybrid parameters (also known as h parameters) are known as ‘hybrid’ parameters as they use Z parameters, Y parameters, voltage ratio, and current ratios to represent the relationship between voltage and current in a two port network. H parameters are useful in describing the input-output characteristics of circuits where it is hard to measure Z or Y parameters (such as in a transistor).H parameters encapsulate all the important linear characteristics of

What is Two Port Network?Atwo port networkis an electrical network model with one pair of input terminals and one pair of output terminals. It is commonly used to model the voltage and current characteristics of complex electrical networks.The figure below shows a two port network.A single phase transformer is an ideal example of two port network.When an electrical signal is applied across the input ports, there would be an electrical signal across output ports.The relation between input and out

What is a Y Parameter?Y parameters (also known as admittance parameters or short-circuit parameters) are properties used in electrical engineering to describe the electrical behavior of linear electrical networks. These Y-parameters are used in Y-matrixes (admittance matrixes) to calculate the incoming and outgoing voltages and currents of a network.Y-parameters are also known as “short-circuit impedance parameters”, as they are calculated under open-circuit conditions. That is to say that Ix=∞,

What are Z Parameters?Z parameters (also known as impedance parameters or open-circuit parameters) are properties used in electrical engineering to describe the electrical behavior of linear electrical networks. These Z-parameters are used in Z-matrixes (impedance matrixes) to calculate the incoming and outgoing voltages and currents of a network.Z-parameters are also known as “open-circuit impedance parameters”, as they are calculated under open-circuit conditions. That is to say that Ix=0, whe

What are S Parameters?The S-parameters, also known as scattering or S-matrix parameters, represent how RF energy moves through a multi-port network. It represents the linear properties of RF electronic components and describes how energy travels through an electric network.The S-parameter matrix calculates characteristics like gain, loss, impedance, phase group delay, and VSWR. S-parameters are used to represent a complex network as a simple “black box” and clearly indicate what happens to the s

Three branches in an electrical network can be connected in numbers of forms but most common among them is either star or delta form. In delta connection, three branches are so connected, that they form a closed loop. As these three branches are connected nose to tail, they form a triangular closed loop, this configuration is referred as delta connection. On the other hand, when either terminal of three branches is connected to a common point to form a Y like pattern is known as star connection.